Jacques Cousteau

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Jacques-Yves Cousteau (June 11, 1910 - June 25, 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water. Cousteau was born in Saint André de Cubzac, France and died in Paris. Cousteau is generally known in France as le commandant Cousteau (Commander Cousteau).

In 1930 he was admitted to the École Navale (Naval Academy) in Brest and became a gunnery officer of the French Navy, which gave him the opportunity to make his first underwater experiments. He was training to become a pilot, but a serious car accident ended his aviation career. In 1936 he tested a model of underwater eyeglasses, perhaps the ancestors of modern masks.

Married in 1937 to Simone Melchior, he took part in WWII, and during the conflict he found the time to be co-inventor, with Emile Gagnan, of the first type of SCUBA diving equipment, the Aqua-Lung in 1943. Among the things that prompted him to develop efficient air-breathing diving free-swimming diving gear, were two oxygen toxicity accidents that he had earlier with rebreathers.

In the post-WWII years, still a naval officer, he developed techniques for the minesweeping of France's harbors and explored shipwrecks.

Named the president of the French Oceanographic Campaigns, in 1950 he bought his famous ship Calypso, with which he visited the most interesting waters of the planet, including some rivers. During these trips he produced many books and films. Cousteau won three Oscars for The Silent World, The Golden Fish and World Without Sun, as well as many other top awards including the Palme d'Or in 1956 at the Cannes Film Festival. His work did a great deal to popularize knowledge of underwater biology.

In 1963 with Jean de Wouters Cousteau developed the an underwater camera named "Calypso-Phot" which was later licensed to Nikon and became the "Calypso-Nikkor" and then the "Nikonos".

Together with Jean Mollard he created the SP-350, an two-man submarine that could reach a depth of 350m below the ocean's surface. The successful experiment was soon repeated in 1965 with two submarines that reached 500m.

Cousteau was made director of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, created the Underseas Research Group in Toulon, was the leader of the Conshelf Saturation Dive Program (long-term immersion experiments, the first manned undersea colonies) and was one of the few foreigners that has been admitted to the American Academy of Sciences.

Cousteau's popularity was increasing. In October 1960, a large amount of radioactive waste was going to be discarded in the sea by EURATOM. Cousteau organized a publicity campaign which gained wide popular support. The train carrying the waste was stopped by women and children sitting on the railway, and was sent back to its origin. The risk was avoided.

In Monaco, the following November, an official visit by the French president Charles de Gaulle turned into a debate on the events of October 1960 and on nuclear experiments in general. The French ambassador already had suggested that Prince Rainier avoid the subject, but the president (allegedly) asked Cousteau in a friendly manner to be kind toward nuclear researchers, and Cousteau (allegedly) replied: "No sir, it is your researchers that ought to be kind toward us." During this discussion Cousteau found out that the reason for French experiments and research was American refusal to share its atomic secrets with its allies.

In 1974 he created the Cousteau Society for the protection of ocean life, which now has more than 300,000 members.

In 1977, together with Peter Scott, he received the UN international environment prize, and a few years later he also received the American Liberty Medal from Jimmy Carter, then president of the United States.

In 1985 Cousteau surprised many with his attempts to find the Loch Ness monster. Together with his young assistant and alleged lover the Armenian émigré Hagop "Jack" Bouboushian, he conducted several dangerous dives, with the intention of photographing the monster. He ended his attempts after Bouboushian's death. The exact circumstance of his assistant's death remain a matter of controversy. Cousteau claimed to his death that Bouboushian died fighting the monster, though many have claimed that foul play and jealousy may have been involved.

In 1992 he was invited to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the United Nations' international conference on environment and development, then he became a regular consultant the UN and the World Bank.

Legacy

Cousteau liked to call himself an "oceanographic technician". He was in reality a sophisticated lover of nature, especially that of the sea. His work allowed people of all continents to visit life under the ocean's surface and explore through television the resources of the "blue continent".

The works that Cousteau produced also created a new kind of scientific communication that caused some criticism by formal academics. The so-called divulgationisme, a simple comprehensible form of sharing scientific concepts, was soon used for other disciplines too and became one of the most important and appreciated characteristics of modern TV broadcasting. The documentary information found in Cousteau's words a linear scheme to follow.

Now Cousteau's figure is admired, beloved worldwide through the many who love the sea, and is regarded to with a sort of devotion, as symbolic of adventure, nature and exploration.

Jacques Cousteau died on June 25, 1997, and is buried in the Cousteau family plot at Saint-André-de-Cubzac Cemetery, Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France.


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Jacques Cousteau died on June 25, 1997, and is buried in the Cousteau family plot at Saint-André-de-Cubzac Cemetery, Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France. John Fogerty bought himself out of his contract with Fantasy Records and eventually established a successful solo career. Now Cousteau's figure is admired, beloved worldwide through the many who love the sea, and is regarded to with a sort of devotion, as symbolic of adventure, nature and exploration. John Fogerty, in an attempt to keep things together, allowed bassist Stu Cook and drummer Doug Clifford equal songwriting and vocal time on the band's final album Mardi Gras in 1972, which proved conclusively that Fogerty's songs and vocal style were the key to the band's success. The documentary information found in Cousteau's words a linear scheme to follow. His brother Tom left the band in 1971, to pursue an ill-fated solo career. The so-called divulgationisme, a simple comprehensible form of sharing scientific concepts, was soon used for other disciplines too and became one of the most important and appreciated characteristics of modern TV broadcasting. Due to John Fogerty's success as writer and singer, the other band members began to feel like they were being held back.

The works that Cousteau produced also created a new kind of scientific communication that caused some criticism by formal academics. By 1969, the band really began to find their voice; "Proud Mary" became their second hit single and was followed by a series of hits, including "Bad Moon Rising," "Green River," "Down on the Corner," "Travelin' Band," "Who'll Stop the Rain," "Up Around the Bend," "Fortunate Son," and "Lookin' Out My Back Door.". His work allowed people of all continents to visit life under the ocean's surface and explore through television the resources of the "blue continent". A cover of "Suzie Q." became their first hit single. He was in reality a sophisticated lover of nature, especially that of the sea. The band's first album as Creedence Clearwater Revival was released in 1968. Cousteau liked to call himself an "oceanographic technician". Eventually Tom's younger brother, John Fogerty, took control of the group, writing all of their material and singing lead vocals.

In 1992 he was invited to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the United Nations' international conference on environment and development, then he became a regular consultant the UN and the World Bank. By the mid 1960s, the band signed a record contract, had their name changed to The Golliwogs by record company executives, and released a few obscure singles that failed to get noticed. Cousteau claimed to his death that Bouboushian died fighting the monster, though many have claimed that foul play and jealousy may have been involved. The band started out as The Blue Velvets, formed by Tom Fogerty in El Cerrito, Contra Costa County, California in the late 1950s. The exact circumstance of his assistant's death remain a matter of controversy. Creedence Clearwater Revival is the name of an American rock band, fronted by John Fogerty. He ended his attempts after Bouboushian's death. Download sample of "Bad Moon Rising" from Green River.

Together with his young assistant and alleged lover the Armenian émigré Hagop "Jack" Bouboushian, he conducted several dangerous dives, with the intention of photographing the monster. Live in Europe (1973). In 1985 Cousteau surprised many with his attempts to find the Loch Ness monster. Mardi Gras (1972). In 1977, together with Peter Scott, he received the UN international environment prize, and a few years later he also received the American Liberty Medal from Jimmy Carter, then president of the United States. Pendulum (1970). In 1974 he created the Cousteau Society for the protection of ocean life, which now has more than 300,000 members. Cosmo's Factory (1970).

The French ambassador already had suggested that Prince Rainier avoid the subject, but the president (allegedly) asked Cousteau in a friendly manner to be kind toward nuclear researchers, and Cousteau (allegedly) replied: "No sir, it is your researchers that ought to be kind toward us." During this discussion Cousteau found out that the reason for French experiments and research was American refusal to share its atomic secrets with its allies. Willy and the Poor Boys (1969). In Monaco, the following November, an official visit by the French president Charles de Gaulle turned into a debate on the events of October 1960 and on nuclear experiments in general. Green River (1969). The train carrying the waste was stopped by women and children sitting on the railway, and was sent back to its origin. The risk was avoided. Bayou Country (1969). Cousteau organized a publicity campaign which gained wide popular support. Creedence Clearwater Revival (1968).

In October 1960, a large amount of radioactive waste was going to be discarded in the sea by EURATOM. Cousteau's popularity was increasing. Cousteau was made director of the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco, created the Underseas Research Group in Toulon, was the leader of the Conshelf Saturation Dive Program (long-term immersion experiments, the first manned undersea colonies) and was one of the few foreigners that has been admitted to the American Academy of Sciences. The successful experiment was soon repeated in 1965 with two submarines that reached 500m.

Together with Jean Mollard he created the SP-350, an two-man submarine that could reach a depth of 350m below the ocean's surface. In 1963 with Jean de Wouters Cousteau developed the an underwater camera named "Calypso-Phot" which was later licensed to Nikon and became the "Calypso-Nikkor" and then the "Nikonos". His work did a great deal to popularize knowledge of underwater biology. Cousteau won three Oscars for The Silent World, The Golden Fish and World Without Sun, as well as many other top awards including the Palme d'Or in 1956 at the Cannes Film Festival.

During these trips he produced many books and films. Named the president of the French Oceanographic Campaigns, in 1950 he bought his famous ship Calypso, with which he visited the most interesting waters of the planet, including some rivers. In the post-WWII years, still a naval officer, he developed techniques for the minesweeping of France's harbors and explored shipwrecks. Among the things that prompted him to develop efficient air-breathing diving free-swimming diving gear, were two oxygen toxicity accidents that he had earlier with rebreathers.

Married in 1937 to Simone Melchior, he took part in WWII, and during the conflict he found the time to be co-inventor, with Emile Gagnan, of the first type of SCUBA diving equipment, the Aqua-Lung in 1943. In 1936 he tested a model of underwater eyeglasses, perhaps the ancestors of modern masks. He was training to become a pilot, but a serious car accident ended his aviation career. In 1930 he was admitted to the École Navale (Naval Academy) in Brest and became a gunnery officer of the French Navy, which gave him the opportunity to make his first underwater experiments.

Cousteau is generally known in France as le commandant Cousteau (Commander Cousteau). Cousteau was born in Saint André de Cubzac, France and died in Paris. Jacques-Yves Cousteau (June 11, 1910 - June 25, 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water.